While the patients in the current study have a disease duration of approximatively 15 years, in the previous study we investigated early RA under 1 year of disease duration. RTX retherapy was decided Tmem27 by the treating rheumatologistblinded to imaging data. Results 31 patients (female 77.4%, mean age 60.111.4, mean disease duration 14.97.1 years) were included. Fourteen (45.2%) patients received RTX retherapy within 12 months. In the group with RTX retherapy, FOI in PVM mode was the only parameter that presented significant increase over time (: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.71, p=0.013)compared with the group without retherapy. In the prediction model via ROC analysis, FOI in PVM reached the highest values of all imaging, clinical and laboratory parameters which was associated with retherapy over 1 year with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.98, p=0.031). US7 GS synovitis score revealed similar association with an AUC of 0.73 (p=0.049). Conclusion US7 GS synovitis score and FOI in PVM are able to discriminate between patients with and without need for RTX retherapy better than clinical ST-836 and laboratory parameters. US7 synovitis score by PD did not show an increase from baseline up to 6 months later. But the US7 synovitis score by GS wasin addition to FOI in PVMthe only parameter in our analyses, which was able to discriminate between groups with and without the need for RTX retherapy. Here, US7 GS synovitis score and FOI in PVM were the only parameters associated with need for retherapy with RTX in patients with RA. This may give FOI an important value for recognising disease activity before patients exhibit clinical signs of flare. Due to the automatic production of PVM, it is a more objective and quickly practicable method for the evaluation of disease activity. Furthermore, with the help of FOI, a scan of all finger and hand joints can be performed within a short time period of 6 min. The procedure is one of the tasks that can be delegated to a trained nursein the presence of a doctor in the background. A disadvantage might be the necessary intravenous access making FOI an invasive method, but we have found that this is well accepted by the patient. If FOI in PVM continues proving an association with RTX retherapy, it would be a good objective method in everyday clinical practice. The adjustment of the phases 1C3 in FOI and their evaluation for every wrist and single finger separately allows a precise estimation of disease activity; however, these phases do not seem to be meaningful for the prediction of retherapy to RTX according to ST-836 the present results. Overall, the evaluation of the automatic PVM might save a lot of time since it is the quickest method in the systematic FOI evaluation due to the ST-836 its automatic production by the Xiraview software. The results in the group without retherapy are in discrepancy to the results of a previous study of our group on treatment monitoring in early RA.16 In this, we found a statistically significant reduction of FOI phase 1 from baseline to follow-up in all patients, regardless EULAR response criteria by DAS28, while phase 2 remained stable within 1 year. A possible explanation for this might be the different patient population. While the patients in the current study have a disease duration of approximatively 15 years, in the previous study we investigated early RA under 1 year of disease duration. Werner already discussed that phase 1 indicates active inflammation.12 The presentation of active inflammation in phase 1 may also explain why it is reduced in the group of retherapy as a possible low response to therapy, although not significantly, while phase 2 as a possible presentation of subclinical activity and sign of non-response increases, though, without significance. Next to the already-named invasive character of the FOI method, another limitation of the present study is the limited sample size in this first study addressing the evaluation RTX retherapy in FOI. Furthermore, the univariable analyses may be limited in interpretation. However, an extensive multivariable modelling was not possible due to the limited sample size. Therefore, we established a multivariable model including the significant variables (FOI in PVM and US7 GS synovitis) from univariable analyses. In addition, 17 patients had already received RTX before, which might.